Metal-casting process.



PATENTED DEC. 13, 1904.

J. H. FORBES.

METAL CASTING PROCESS.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 5, 1903.

N0 MODEL.

NITED STATES r Patented December 13, 1904.

PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN H. FORBES, OF CINCINNATI, OHIO, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-SIXTEENTH TO JAMESN. RAMSEY, OF CINCINNATI, OHIO.

METAL-CASTING PROCESS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 777,338, dated December13, 1904.

Application filed October 5, 1903. Serial No. 175,756. (No specimens.)

To all whom it new concern:

Be it known that I, J OIIN H. FoRBEs, a citizen of the United States,residing at Cincinnati, in the county of Hamilton and State of Ohio,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in hfIetal-CastingProcesses, of which the following is a full, clear, and exactdescription, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, formingpart of this specification.

My invention relates to a process for making metal castings wherein itis desired to pro duce a homogeneous casting and to combine with saidcasting at certain points certain qualities of metal which will make theresultant casting much more suited for the work in which it is to beemployed than is possible with any method now in use; and it has for itsobject the provision of simple and eliicient means whereby such resultsmay be accomplished.

The novelty of my invention will be hereinafter more fully set forth,and specifically pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of a machineadapted to carry out my invention. Figs. 2, 3, and 1 are diagrammaticviews showing the winding of the electromagnets employed in carrying outmy invention.

The same letters of reference are used to indicate identical parts inall the figures.

A represents any suitable hydraulic or other press secured in anysuitable manner upon a bed-plate B, resting on foundations C. The pressshown in the drawings has one watercylinder D, into which is fitted thepiston-rod E, carrying any suitable form of piston, (not shown;) but thenumber of water-cylinders B and pistons E forms no part of my inventionand may be varied to suit the user.

Suitably mounted upon the bed-plateB between the uprights of the press Ais a mold F, into which the molten metal to form the casting is poured,and this mold I prefer to make of iron in some cases and of sand inothers. The bottom and top of the mold may be either of iron or sand, aspreferred; but it will be found more convenient to make them of iron,and where the casting is to have a hole through it a core may beintroduced, as in ordinary casting. The top of the mold may be eitherformed integral with or separate from the presser Cr, secured to thelower end of the piston-rod E. In the drawings all of the parts of themold are shown as being made of metal and in the shape for casting acarwheel, the car-wheel casting being shown in the mold at H. Theessential feature of my invention, however, does not reside in that partof the mechanism already described, but is contained in my ability tomake an iron casting with a steel facing on any part thereof, and this Ido in the following manner: Surrounding the tread of the car-wheel is anelectromagnetic ring 1, Figs. 1 and 3, the electricity for which beingsupplied by any suitable generator J through feed-wires L. A ring K,Figs. 1 and i, constituting an electromagnet similar to themagnet l, isplaced in the bottom of the mold, as shown, and connected to thefeed-wires L of the generator J, and a third ring M is placed at the topof the casting H and is similar in construction to both rings I and Kand is likewise fed by the generator J. It will be readily seen thatwhen the electromagnets I, K, and M are energized a strong magnetic flowwill be set up, which 1 utilize in the following manner: While themagnetic flow is in progress I line the magnetized walls of the moldwith the quality of metal which I- desire to have upon the face of thecasting when completed, and this metal may be composed of steel borings,turnings, filings, or other small particles of steel or othercomposition which I wish to incorporate into the casting, and, ifdesired, a steel-wire net or gauze may be inserted to assist inretaining the smaller particles of metal in position. Thebody of thecasting is then poured of ordinary gray iron, and pressure is applied bythe press A to form the whole casting into a very close-grainedhomogeneous mass. After the metal has set the magnets may be deenergizedand the casting removed from the mold, when it will be found to have asmooth even surface and a fine texture.

The object of magnetizing a portion of the proper position near moldduring the process of casting is to retain the particles of metal ofextra quality in their the surface, and the heat of the molten metal inthe body of the casting will fuse these particles of metal into asolidmass, Which will also combine With the iron, as will be readilyunderstood.

In casting loose pulleys, sheaves, idlers, gear-blanks, or, in fact,anything intended to have a bearing internally it is only necessary toomit the magnet-rings I, K, and M and magnetize the core N, as shown bythe dotted line, Fig. l, and connect it, as shown by the dotted Wires,to the feed-Wires L of the generator J. The core may then be surroundedby the extra quality of metal in the same manner as the rim of thecar-Wheel mold Was surrounded in the description above, and theresultant casting will be provided With a lining similar to the facingof the car-wheel described above, or, if desired, any other part of thecasting may be treated in a similar Way, as Will be readily understood,it being of course understood that for each different size or shape ofcasting a corresponding size and shape of mold 2 5 must be constructed.

Having thus fully described my invention, I claim 1. A process forcasting metal consisting in first magnetizing a portion of the mold,then applying to such magnetized parts an extra quality of metal to beincorporated in the casting, then pouring molten metal into the mold toform the body of the casting.

2. A process for casting metal consisting in first magnetizing a portionof the mold, then applying to such magnetized parts an extra quality ofmetal to be incorporated in the casting, then pouring the molten metalinto the mold to form the body of the casting, then subjecting the sameto pressure for the purpose of forming the casting into a homogeneousmass.

J. H. CHARLES SMITH, JAMES BAILEY CARTER.

